Professor Jawad Kazem Al - Nasrallah
Faculty of Arts / University of Basra College of Arts / University of Basra
Assistant Professor Mohsen Tohma Joseph
Arts / University of Basra College of Arts / University of Basra


Abstract:
Orientalists did not deal with the narrators or newsmakers of the first generation as much as they did with a the story of Abu Mikhnaf (d. 157 AH-774 AD) as the origin of the accounts of the Imam Hussein, revolution from the beginning of the Imam Hussein, movement from Medina to Mecca to his journey to Kufa and the martyrdom of Imam Hussein, in Karbala. It was replaced by Abu Mikhnaf narration, which was mentioned in the history of al-Tabari under the pretext of the existence of some extraordinary narratives, which he considered to be contrary to the historical narrative. Others pointed to the nature of the dialectical relationship between reason and objective reality. It is a concept of a historical ideological nature whose connotations refer to the sum of the perceptions, concepts and patterns of knowledge that are formed within the cultural consciousness of the Islamic society, which reflects the perception of that society of the Imam Hussein revolution.


 Orientalist Militarization
and Its Disastrous Repercussions on Arabs and Muslims
By: Dr. Saleh Zahruddin

The task of “scientific research,” “archeology” and “Orientalism,” for the British and Western men in the region had only been the curtain behind which all the dirty political, military and espionage tasks had hidden for England. Equally, they were the “innocent facade” of the greatest crimes of the twentieth century against the Arabs, the Muslims and humanity as a whole, the crime of slaughtering the Arab people of Palestine and their displacement away from their homes and land in order to seize it in order to establish in it an occupation  Zionist state in addition to implementing plans to tear up the Arab and the Islamic people, plunder the wealth of their countries and control their existence and destiny altogether. The Western military orientalism was the right arm of colonialism along with its left arm (political orientalism) ... and till today, we still suffer from the remnants of what colonialism has sowed in our countries, and from the tragedies and catastrophes it has left us.

The Difficulties of Learning Arabic with Contemporary Orientalists:
Pluralization (3 or more) (Animate or Inanimate)  is a Model

Prof. Dr. Riad Karim Abdullah Al - Budairi
Faculty of Arts _ University of Kufa
Assistant teacher
Abdul Hassan Abbas Hassan
Ministry of Education - Najaf

Abstract:
This research aims to explain the contemporary orientalists‘ opinion about difficulties in Arabic language. By analytical way, this study deals with (al takseer plural pattern) as a sample of this difficulty. The researcher discusses this case and presents all the counter evidences to rebuttal that alleged opinion. The researcher sees that there is a harmony between this kind of Plural patterns and the whole system of Arabic language. Also, there is a group of another language have a similar pattern as it exists in Arabic language. Finally, the researcher believes that viewing the ways of (al takseer plural pattern) in Arabic language as a lexical aspect led to that commonness of learning difficulty by non- Arabic- speaking orientalists.

Orientalism, Arabism, Berberism and Occidentalism
Conceptual Approach
By: Dr. Jamil Hamdawi
Professor of higher education in Morocco

Abstract:
A certain set of concepts, terms, hard and complicated  functions in the human intellectual field and literary criticism, comparative literature that one should pause at in order to comprehend it, study it, discuss it and interpret it for its importance in breaking down texts and analyzing them. Some of those terms we have got “Orientalism,” “Arabism,” “Berberism,” and “Occidentalism.”
From here, we preferred to conceive the conceptual approach in order to probe the constituents of those functions and monitor their structural and functional features.
Therefore, what are the functions of Orientalism, Berberism, Arabism and Occidentalism? What are their intellectual and epistemological contexts? What are their theoretical and applicable supports and fundamentals? What are the domains of their uses? And what is their scientific, ideological and intellectual background?
This is going to be what we will pause at in our discussion in the light of the conceptual approach so that we can complete building a thorough, detailed and comprehensive knowledge about those four concepts in their various apparent and concealed manifestations.

 French Imperialism Photography
The Image of Morocco with the French (1907 – 1956)
By: Belkacem Ha.roud

Abstract:
 Visual acting is considered one of the most effective techniques which contributed to the building of the imperialist France in North Africa. Photography and photo journalism were effectively used in the French occupation discourse to convey a negative image of Morocco, facilitate the establishment of the protection system and the task of the so-called ‚cultural enlightenment‘, thus placing the future of Morocco in the post-independence phase under French economic, cultural and linguistic control. This article deals with the study and analysis of some of the images contained in the French newspaper “Le Petit Journal,” a small illustrated journal, to reveal the extent of its association with the agenda of the French occupation and its commitment to the occupation‘s objectives. This critical reading of the photographs in the “Le Petit Journal, a small illustrated journal, and its connection to the problems and culture of Morocco in the period from 1907 to 1956 does not only aim to explain the basic idea that photography is a means of the French imperialist agenda, but also to shed light on how ideology works in the means of visual acting, and how they are manipulated to produce judgments seemingly normal about the others and their culture.

Key words: visual acting, imperialism, photography, photographed juornalism
“Le Petit Journal”
Criticism of the Arab novel from the perspective of Orientalism - Roger Allen is an Example
Research prepared by: Associate Dr. Ali Mohammed Yassin,
University of Karbala - Faculty of Islamic Sciences

Abstract:
Professor Roger Allen, the orientalist clearly concerns himself with the modern Arabic literature. This is manifested throughout his translation for a group of numerous novels as well as researches and lectures which he dedicated for the literature in question. In this concern, he focuses on the prosodic aspect that has not been receiving the required adequate attention through the other orientalists‘ works in comparison to the creative or knowledgeable ones. This paper drives at arriving at understanding the style through which the Western readership comprehends our modern Arabic literature by means of shedding light on the style that this orientalist uses in his book: “The Arabic Novel, a Historical and Critic Introduction” Then this paper would try to find out the general conceptions for this narrative genre until concluding his method of dealing with the modern Arabic literature reflected in some of the novels and stories in which his critic perspective has been interested, so, he comes to read it in this way accordingly.


 The Problem of Painting the Ottoman Koran in the Light of Orientalism
By Associate Dr. Hakim Salman Al-Sultani,
Islamic University/ Najaf Al-Ashraf.
And Associate Dr. Zahra Al-Barqawi,
Islamic University/ Najaf Al-Ashraf

Abstract:
The subject of the drawing of the Koran interested the scientists a lot, and was the focus of their studies since the second century, the Islamic uniqueness of the classification of the creators of the applicants and late, and the scientists authored many books.
 Because orientalists have dealt with the Holy Quran in several aspects, linguistic, historical and interpretive, I thought I should go to their conclusions concerning the drawing of the Ottoman Koran, and how these statements were founded to say the disorder of the Quranic text through the readings built on them basically on the drawing of the Koran.
The purpose of studying orientalist visions and their statement is to know their true position from the Qur‘an and the reasons for this position. In order to realize this, we must be fully aware of the orientalists‘ vision and the essential points they raise.
Based on these positions, this research presents a comprehensive presentation of the orientalist vision which aims to throw the Quranic text into turmoil and contradictions, according to the many faces of readings resulting from the different drawing of the Koran.
However, there is no contradiction and contradiction in the Qur‘anic text as a way of reading. It is a difference of diversity and richness.